As a Portland State
University graduate with many years
of experience working in the Middle
East, I was appalled to see PSU’s President Wiewel’s
statement condemning the Boycott, Sanctions and Divestment (BDS) movement and
the American Studies Association’s (ASA) recent vote to support that
movement. Wiewel grossly
misrepresents the issues at stake. It is imperative to set the record straight.
In the face of the increasing
impact of the BDS movement, many university presidents across the country are
taking stances similar to Wiewel’s. Unlike the
average individual, these university presidents are probably under enormous
pressure to maintain the current status quo. The need to serve vested political
interests, attract wealthy donors and placate influential groups like the
American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) is doubtless crucial to their
survival and success. Nevertheless, people of conscience must eventually
confront the issues raised by BDS. I offer the following analysis of Wiewel’s statement in the hope that it will help clarify some
key issues for those who are already working for the BDS movement, or who are
considering joining it.
The current BDS movement is
aimed at ending Israel’s continuing oppression of the Palestinian people and the
illegal seizure and settlement of their land. Ending the Israeli occupation and
attaining a just and comprehensive peace in Palestine/Israel is one of the most
pressing issues of our time. In the face of continued Israeli intransigence and
continuing official US support for the current Israeli regime, the BDS movement
is one of the only effective non-violent options left to the Palestinian people
in their ongoing quest for peace and justice. The ASA was simply one of the
latest groups to recognize this fact and take action on it.
I cannot say whether President
Wiewel’s position stems from mere ignorance, personal
bias, a willful attempt to mislead, or a combination of these, but whatever the
underlying cause, his argument is indefensible. His position discredits his institution
and calls his credibility as an academic into serious question.
His response to the ASA’s vote
reads as follows:
As
the president of Portland State University, I join with many colleagues (as I
already did through the Association of Public and Land Grant Universities) in
condemning the call of the American Studies Association for a boycott of
Israeli academic institutions.
As
academics, we are committed to the free and open exchange of ideas and
knowledge. Thus, in principle, organizational attempts to stifle such exchange
are antithetical to our beliefs.
Even if a nation's politics or policies were
abhorrent, it would be extremely rare for an academic boycott to be appropriate
or useful. In the case of Israel, while reasonable people can certainly debate
the merits of any number of specific policies and programs, the totality of the
practices and beliefs of the country does not even come close to meriting a
boycott.
Indeed, the ASA action has encouraged me to strengthen
my pursuit of academic exchanges between Portland State University and Israeli
institutions.
Wim Wiewel
January 14, 2014
His statement is so typical of
current opposition to the BDS movement, and so free of real facts and any
plausible argumentation, that it is worthwhile to “unpack” his words in detail.
Let’s start with paragraph three,
where he writes that:
“Even if a nation's politics or policies
were abhorrent, it would be extremely rare for an academic boycott to be appropriate or
useful.”
Really? The usefulness of the BDS movement rests
precisely in that it draws needed attention to a neglected human rights issue.
As to appropriateness, surely it is
obvious that if boycotts do succeed in gaining attention and redress for
neglected human rights violations in a non-violent way, they are perfectly appropriate.
Boycotts were a vital feature
of the Indian National Movement, the US Civil Rights Movement, and the
Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa. The Israeli and European presses are
filled with reports that the growing BDS movement against Israel is beginning
to gain significant ground. It is forcing Israeli hardliners to rethink the
viability of their oppressive and illegal polices. Because any action that is
democratic, voluntary, and non-violent, and that also helps bring attention to
the gross violations of human rights inherent in Israel’s occupation of
Palestine, is useful by definition, it is also perfectly appropriate.
The non-violent nature of the
BDS movement is especially significant in the Palestinian situation. For
decades Israel has tried to direct attention away from its own responsibility
for dispossessing and oppressing the Palestinian people by criticizing the
violence that a few extreme Palestinians have sometimes used in their efforts
to defend their homeland and their rights. The unspoken argument behind this
stance has seemingly been that, ‘if only the Palestinians had resisted
non-violently, then the entire Zionist project might have been reconsidered.’
That is pure nonsense. Israeli efforts to cut off and discredit non-violent
means of Palestinian resistance (whether they were pursued through political
action in the UN, through the BDS movement, or through countless other
non-violent means) reveal this hypocrisy quite clearly. The fact is, Israel has
never been that fussy about the means it has used to attain its ends: (It was,
after all, a Zionist terrorist group which assassinated the first UN mediator
in the region, Count Folke Bernadotte, while he was
engaged work to find a non-violent
solution to the Palestinian crisis in 1948.) Like their terrorist counterparts
of the 1940s, the hard-line Zionists who rule Israel today have little concern
for the violence they use daily; they only care about achieving their own
end—i.e. the complete conquest of Palestine and the relegation of
non-Jewish people to second or third class status in the resulting state. This
is not a goal people of conscience should be party to, or be forced to
participate in.
In
paragraph two, Mr. Wiewel misleads readers by invoking the issue of “academic
freedom.” He claims that:
As academics, we are committed to the
free and open exchange of ideas and knowledge. Thus, in principle,
organizational attempts to stifle such exchange are antithetical to our
beliefs.
President
Wiewel uses the pronouns “we” and “our” very nicely, but I’m still not with
him. What is antithetical to my beliefs is that people of any kind should
support (as the US government does) the kind of disenfranchisement, displacement
and suffering that Israel has been inflicting on the Palestinian people for the
last 66 years. I have no interest in stifling intellectual
exchange—unless that “exchange” either morally or materially furthers the
agenda of an oppressive entity. In this case it does: on the moral side, a
failure to speak up about injustice essentially gives that injustice tacit
moral support. On the more tangible side, Israel’s economy is highly reliant on
specialized high-tech products that depend on the latest scientific expertise
in numerous academic fields. Israeli academics take that expertise (often
gained through seemingly benign academic “exchanges”) and help convert it into
real goods which produce real money which props up the Israeli government in
real ways as it continues its current policy of oppressing Palestinians.
Some
opponents of the BDS movement would apparently have us believe that academic
boycotts will subject Israeli academics to “shunning” or some equally archaic
and personally degrading treatment. That is absurd, and I suspect President
Wiewel knows it. As Michelle Goldberg recently wrote in “The Nation”:
There is no limitation on Israeli scholars coming to give
lectures or talks or engaging in any other kind of dialogue or project,” says
national council member Sunaina Maira,
a professor at UC Davis. “It is targeted at formal collaboration with or
sponsorship by Israeli academic institutions. Mere affiliation is not
boycotted. (my emphasis)
But
even if hurt feelings on the part of Israeli academics might result, a much
deeper double standard is embedded in Wiewel’s
position on this issue. President Wiewel apparently feels that the goal of
protecting a few Israeli academics from possible hurt feelings (apparently the only real result of being denied
formal collaboration or sponsorship) completely
outweighs the greater goal of relieving the real and ongoing trauma being
suffered by the Palestinian people. (Either that or Wiewel is admitting that an academic boycott by
the ASA might really have a profound
negative impact on Israel’s economic viability, in which case his other
argument that boycotts are not “useful”
rather falls to pieces….) But that aside, hurt feelings or economic impact have
little to do with “academic freedom.” The feelings of academics doubtless get
hurt in many professional arguments. That is not the real issue.
If
President Wiewel really believed in academic freedom, he would consider the way
Israel controls the curriculum taught in Palestinian schools and how Israel
controls the checkpoints and arbitrary closures that make it almost impossible
for Palestinian children to get an education. He would look at the 2008 Israeli
assault on Gaza, where TV reports showed third grade classes that had lost
three or four students each, all killed in the Israeli attacks. That is
the kind of “academic freedom” that the current Israeli policy
produces—and which Wiewel is using his position as president of PSU to
defend.
I
see no reason to submit the readers of this letter to a long list of all the
other infringements of “academic freedom” that Israel has been guilty of. Isn’t
it bad enough that every day Israel deprives Palestinians of the most basic
human rights: the right to live in their own land, to own their own property,
to exercise freedom of movement, to participate in the political process, and
to marry whom they choose? To pretend that Palestinians have any academic
freedom under these conditions is absurd.
I guess (ironically) one might even say that for Palestinians the
concept of “freedom” under these conditions is purely academic…
The
simple fact is, the ASA’s decision to endorse an academic boycott is simply
part a much broader BDS movement where people of all kinds democratically use
their American right of freedom of choice to express their views and take
action on matters of conscience. Wiewel’s opposition to the democratically-taken stance of
ASA members not only infringes on their academic freedom, but on their personal
freedom as well. Who is Wiewel to use his position as president of the
university to cancel out the moral choices made by people who clearly understand
the overall situation much better than he does?
When one
steps back and considers Wiewel’s statement as
a whole, and in its broader context, one quickly sees that concepts like effectiveness, appropriateness, and academic
freedom are merely afterthoughts and excuses. The real core of Wiewel’s message is starkly revealed in his assertion that:
“In the case of Israel, while reasonable people can
certainly debate the merits of any number of specific policies and programs,
the totality of the practices and
beliefs of the country does not even come close to meriting a
boycott.” (my
emphasis)
The word “totality” is
puzzling. To my knowledge, no government anywhere, at any time, has had a
totality of consensus on anything. We generally accept that the majority rules.
What exactly does his qualifier “totality” really mean?
As a nation, Israel is
currently ruled by an elected group of hard-line Zionists—the Likud party
and its right-wing settler party allies.
While there are dissenters, Israel’s state institutions and laws totally embody Zionist practices and
beliefs. Furthermore, the Zionist creed of the currently ruling Likud Party
specifies that under Likud leadership the state of Israel intends to keep
taking Palestinian land and to render the creation of a Palestinian state
impossible (this is in direct contradiction of international law and official
US policy). As a result, the state of Israel continues to seize Palestinian
land both within its 1967 borders and in the occupied territories outside them.
Israel also continues to ignore outstanding UN resolutions and refuses to meet
its obligations under international law (the right of return of refugees and
the evacuation of illegally confiscated land). It also continues to construct
an apartheid wall. All of these Israeli state policies are in violation of
International Law. All are totally implemented by the Israeli state. It
just doesn’t get more “total” than that.
Furthermore, Israel has never
signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), or ratified the Chemical
Weapons Convention (CWC). And even though it owns chemical weapons and a huge
nuclear stockpile, Israel hypocritically claims that other states in the region
must be held to the standards of these treaties. Finally, Israel continues to
hold itself apart from and above the jurisdiction of the World Court. That is,
by the standard of international law, the totality
of the beliefs, as reflected in the practices, of the current government of the
state of Israel completely merit the use of Boycotts, Divestments and
Sanctions.
In the real world, the US has
implemented countless sanctions (Iran, North Korea, Iraq, Libya, and Syria to
name but a few) and has threatened to, and finally has used, military force to
punish states which (allegedly) violated these treaties (Iraq and Syria). So
for Wiewel to argue that the same kind of violations that have been used to
justify outright war against America’s state-approved enemies, don’t even (when
committed by Israel) warrant the non-violent response of boycotts by people of
conscience is truly remarkable.
In a just world, the US
government would recognize inherent unfairness of Israeli policy. In a just
world a BDS campaign would not be needed because the US government would cut
off all aid and comfort to the state of Israel. Were the US to take such a
position, many other states would follow suit. I believe such measures would quickly
bring about a new regime in Israel that would be much more serious about peace
and human rights than the current Likud government. That’s one thing the BDS movement might
well accomplish. That would be a good thing.
Critics of the BDS movement
often complain about the fact that the BDS movement
doesn’t target countries like China, Iran, North Korea, etc. There is a simple
reason for that –the US government regularly criticizes those countries
and brings OFFICIAL pressure on them to change their behavior. We certainly
don’t give them financial support. In the case of Israel, on the other hand,
the US government actively SUPPORTS Israeli policy with 8 million dollars a
day, military hardware, intelligence and, diplomatically, by using our UN veto
to stop any real sanctions on Israel. That is why a civil society movement like
BDS is essential in the case of Israel, while it is far less applicable when it
comes to other nations involved in gross violations of human rights. In
the absence of principled government action against Israel by the US, however,
civil society can only do its best to rectify the matter by non-violent direct
action. That is what the BDS movement is really all about.
To argue (as Wiewel’s
qualifying word “totality” seems to imply) that the Israeli government should
be shielded from a boycott because a few Israelis of conscience (consistently
ignored by that government) object to these Israeli state policies is a truly
mind-boggling assertion. In fact, it rises to a level of hypocrisy that is hard
to comprehend.
For years the various governments of Israel have
insisted that the Palestinian side enforce total
control over its people. That, as I already noted, is impossible for any
government, no matter how powerful.
In many cases over the years, the
non-violence of the vast majority of Palestinians has been deemed
insufficient to demonstrate the very real interest that most Palestinians have
in a just and comprehensive peace.
Over and over again, acts of violence by individual or fringe groups on
the Palestinian side (or provocateurs posing as such) have been used by Israel
to justify postponing Palestinian independence, or even simple relief from
occupation and settlement. Now, apparently, Wiewel is suggesting that the
presence of a few peace-minded dissenters on
the Israeli side is an excuse to absolve the state of Israel from any
responsibility for the illegal nature of its state policy and somehow immunize
it against the BDS movement. There is apparently a huge double standard when it
comes to the concept of “totality.”
Wiewel’s position would not fill me with such outrage if it
were simply the expression of his own, personal conscience. Two issues convince
me that his position is far more than that. First, if it were a matter of
personal conscience, he could personally
condemn the vote of the ASA. As a private
person he could stay true to his obvious pro-Israel bias by becoming
involved in a host of other ways. Instead, when he says, “Indeed, the ASA
action has encouraged me to strengthen my pursuit of academic exchanges between
Portland State University and Israeli institutions,” he is going far beyond
voting on a matter of personal conscience. He is really saying that he will
unilaterally use his position as President of PSU to implement what amounts to
a “buycott.”
This is a crucial implication
of his statement and deserves clarification. A “buycott”
is a response to a boycott where the person involved shows their support for
the target of the boycott by buying more
of the goods or services that are being boycotted. This way of showing support
for the target of the boycott is not only NOT neutral,
it actually underlines the
effectiveness of the boycott. Clearly, if buying something shores up the
position of the target, then it is an admission that not buying the good or service in question really does threaten the
target. Please note— a “buycott” is not an intellectual or a moral argument—
it simply celebrates the assessment by one side that they can maintain the
existing inequality of force that called the boycott into being in the first place… In other words, if there had been enough
racists in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955 to offset the absence of black bus
riders during the Rosa Parks inspired bus boycott, then the Civil Rights
Movement in the US might well have faltered or even failed. Would that have
been a victory for “academic freedom” or, indeed, freedom of any kind?
President Wiewel’s
effective declaration of a “buycott” on behalf of
PSU, clearly moves Portland State University from being a neutral bystander in
the Palestinian issue (because the ASA vote does not really directly reflect on
PSU as an institution), to being an
avowed supporter of the Apartheid regime which Israel maintains within its 1948
boundaries as well as in the occupied territories.
I think this is not a step
that PSU faculty, alumni, or Oregonians in general are ready to take with him,
but Wiewel has already taken it—and has taken it their name.
The seriousness of Wiewel’s position cannot be viewed in a vacuum. I take the
concept of “academic freedom” very seriously. The position Wiewel states and
the reasons he gives for his position are on exactly the same track (and just
half a step short) of recent legislation recently introduced in the US
Congress. That legislation (HR 4009) is “The Protect
Academic Freedom Act” introduced by Congressman Peter Roskam (6th District, Illinois). I quote from his website
which claims that he introduced his bill:
.,.to address the growing threat of unjustified boycotts against the Jewish State of Israel. In
December 2013, the American Studies Association (ASA) became the second major
educational organization to adopt an academic boycott of Israel. This measure
(H.R. 4009 –my clarification) would block federal funding for American
universities engaging in a boycott of Israeli academic institutions or scholars
to ensure that taxpayer dollars are not used to fund bigoted attacks against Israel that undermine the
fundamental principles of academic freedom. (my
emphasis)
As Roskam’s website adds in his
own name:
This bipartisan legislation seeks to preserve academic freedom and
combat bigotry by shielding Israel from unjust
boycotts. It is ludicrous for critics to go after our democratic friend and
ally Israel when they should be focusing on the evils perpetrated by
repressive, authoritarian regimes like Iran and North Korea. (Congressman Roskam, the Chief Deputy Whip and co-chair of the House
Republican Israel Caucus)
The core of Roskam’s argument is
identical to Wiewel’s. Their main point is that (to
use Roskam’s words) the boycott is unjust, bigoted, or unjustified.
From any empirical point of view these claims are absurd. All the talk of
academic freedom, effectiveness, or appropriateness is just so much squid ink
thrown out to obscure the real issue. The game is up when Roskam
effectively reduces the concept of academic freedom to the “freedom” to attack
a short list of state approved enemies—namely Iran and North Korea. That isn’t
academic freedom at all. It is simply a new McCarthyism. The very title “Protect Academic Freedom
Act” is either Orwellian or Kafkaesque in this context —but it is
certainly not “American” as I understand the term.
Roskam’s threat to academic freedom is much more
substantial than Wiewel’s, but there is no mistaking
the fact that the two are on exactly the same page. Wiewel would use his
administrative powers as President of PSU to impose his personal version of
academic freedom. Roskam would take it a step further
and use federal powers to fund or defund academic actions that the US Congress
(in its infinite wisdom) should choose to consider “just” or unjust.” One must
remember that this is a congress that refused to read the “Goldstone Report”
because it was deemed “biased.” How
they could make that judgment without
actually reading the report is a Congressional mystery I leave for your
serious consideration.
Both Wiewel and Roskam are acting on the
same premise: a total denial of the
factual record of the Zionist takeover of Palestine and America’s complicity in
that (ongoing) action and (above all) a prejudgment that any real criticism (by
which I mean criticism with real consequences) of Israel is “unjust” by definition.
At a
recent debate on the Wiewel Statement, held on March 4th at
Portland’s Grace Presbyterian Church and sponsored by the Eastside Democratic
Club, Bob Horenstein of the Jewish Federation spoke
in support of President Wiewel. His opponent, Peter Miller (a BDS supporter),
presented the basic facts regarding the Israeli occupation of Palestinian
territory, the violations of human rights associated with it, and the cost it
imposes on the US. After a little shmoozy talk about
the weather, and comments about what a lovely vacation destination Israel is, Horenstein responded by saying, "I can show you maps and throw out facts
and we will go nowhere."
Wow. That is the perfect example of the kind of
academic rigor that Wiewel, Roskam and Horenstein all seem to have in common when it comes to
“academic freedom” –it’s a good thing as long as you don't bother us with
the facts...
We should not continue to tolerate such all encompassing blindness
to facts in either administrators or legislators. When ideological prejudgments
trump the facts, any talk of academic freedom becomes meaningless. To those who ask us to make critical
judgments about national policy or matters of conscience without reference to
facts, we should send a clear message—you are no credible arbiter of our
national values and it’s time for you to go.
So, having taken the time to reflect on President Wiewel’s words and what they really mean, and also to reflect
on what is best for PSU, I urge Mr. Wiewel resign. If he fails to do so, I suggest that
students, faculty and alumni urge him to do so. I urge fellow alumni to
withhold financial support from the university until he does so. I urge
teachers and students to organize and take simple measures to signal their
stand (wearing a simple green armband of some kind might be good). I urge
everyone to do what they can to create a real conversation in the community
about the price that Israeli behavior imposes on the Palestinians and the US.
Above all, I urge people to respond to Roskam’s
really atrocious HR 4009 by writing their representatives and expressing their
rejection of this dangerous corruption of the concept of “Protecting Academic
Freedom.”
The simple fact about the BDS movement is this: if you care about
remedying the human rights violations that happen almost daily in Palestine,
and if you care about finally bringing peace to the Middle East and helping to
create a viable and sustainable US policy there, then BDS is about the only
real option left to you.
